The dangers you posted in regards to chrome plating are what is present during the chroming process, the dissolved metallic salts in acid transferring either through skin contact or breathing fumes. It's the guy working in the chrome shop around all that liquid and fumes that has the increased risk.
That has nothing to do with the bumper in it's finished state, you just need basic particulate protection....gloves, maybe long sleeves depending on the speed of your grinder or sander throwing cast-off metal and grit at your skin, safety glasses and possibly a safety shield, and a basic white particle mask.
Sandblast or sand it with a DA, then do and body work to dents, dings, deep scratches just like you would for any steel panel being prepped for paint and seal it up with epoxy sealer.
Paint or wrap from there. You can also powdercoat, but make sure any fillers used can withstand the heat needed to cure the coating.
Bright Reflective Silver powdercoat followed by clear powdercoat gives a vey nice finish that looks almost just like polished billet aluminum.